Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on cancer stemness and mesenchymal transition in breast cancer via regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Fig 5
Rg3 inhibits cancer progression in an in vivo mouse model of breast cancer.
(A) Tumor volume curves comparing the Rg3 treatment groups and the control group. (B) Spleen weight was measured on the day of sacrifice. (C) The percentage of MDSCs among spleen cells was analyzed on the day of sacrifice. (D) Western blot analysis of the expression levels of pSTAT3, ALDH1, OCT4, KLF4, and Vimentin in tumor tissues. β-Actin was used as a control. (E) NOTCH-associated gene expression in tumor tissues was analyzed by real-time PCR. (F) G-CSF and VEGF concentrations were detected with ELISA. (G) Representative immunohistochemical images showing pSTAT3 expression in tumor tissues. Original magnification, 200× (scale bar, 100 μm). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 indicate significant differences compared with the respective control groups.