Does planning help for execution? The complex relationship between planning and execution
Fig 4
Path diagrams for the models in Analysis 2.
The model for planning time is shown on top. Model 1 for execution time is the model without conditional dependency (the ND model). For Model 2 there are three variants: either the effect of the residual planning time is constant (the GD model), or it varies across persons (the PSD model), or it varies across items (the ISD model).