Locally injected ivabradine inhibits carrageenan-induced pain and inflammatory responses via hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels
Fig 8
The effect of ivabradine (IVA) on TNF-alpha production in mouse macrophage-like cells.
The cells were incubated with LPS at 10 ng/mL. TNF-alpha levels in the supernatants of the cells following 2-, 4-, and 6-hour incubation with only LPS, LPS + IVA at 10, 20, and 50 μM were measured. *P< 0.05, ***P< 0.001, ****P< 0.0001 compared with only LPS. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 5 for each).