Low-dose ionizing radiation exposure represses the cell cycle and protein synthesis pathways in in vitro human primary keratinocytes and U937 cell lines
Fig 2
LDIR inhibits cell growth and protein synthesis and induces bystander effects.
Cell signaling pathways affected by LDIR. LDIR downregulates c-Myc and upregulates p21 WAF1/CIP1 via stimulation of TGFβ and PP2A. PP2A also inhibits mTOR signaling with repression of S6K activation and 4EBP1 phosphorylation that resulted in decrease in protein synthesis. Furthermore, LDIR induces bystander effects through p38 MAPK activation. Directly-irradiated cells release cytokine signals that affect non-irradiated (bystander) cells.