Acute stress response of fathead minnows caged downstream of municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Bow River, Calgary
Fig 2
Whole-body cortisol content in adult fathead minnows sampled in the lab before (0 min) and after a standardized stressor (30, 60, 240 min). For each boxplot, the line within the box represents the median whole-body cortisol concentration (n = 11–12). The box ranges from the first to the third quartile (interquartile range), the whiskers extend to ±1.5 times the interquartile range, and values beyond this are denoted as black dots. The asterisks denote a significant difference between stressed fish and unstressed fish (post-hoc Dunnett’s test; p<0.05).