Phylogenetic relationships, biofilm formation, motility, antibiotic resistance and extended virulence genotypes among Escherichia coli strains from women with community-onset primitive acute pyelonephritis
Fig 5
Biofilm formation by E. coli strains from women with acute pyelonephritis (APN), according to each virulence factor gene (VFG).
The presence of VFGs was assessed by PCR. Biofilm forming ability onto polystyrene was spectrophotometrically assessed by crystal violet stain [29]. Each dot is the average from two independent experiments with eight replicates of each strain per experiment (n = 16). Horizontal bars are medians. * p<0.05, Mann-Whitney test.