Phylogenetic relationships, biofilm formation, motility, antibiotic resistance and extended virulence genotypes among Escherichia coli strains from women with community-onset primitive acute pyelonephritis
Fig 4
Biofilm formation, according to clinical syndrome and phylogenetic group.
Strains were isolated from women with acute primitive pyelonephritis (APN), recurrent cystitis (RC), or healthy subjects (controls, CO). Biofilm forming ability onto polystyrene was spectrophotometrically assessed by crystal violet stain [29]. Phylogenetic groups were evaluated using PCR triplex assay, according to Clermont et al. [9]: A, B1, B2, D, NT (non-typeable). Results are expressed as scatter plots, where bars indicate median values with interquartile range. Each dot is the average from two independent experiments with eight replicates of each strain per experiment (n = 16). Only biofilm-positive strains were considered since “not producer” strains had comparable prevalence both in groups and phylogroups (see Table 7). * p<0.05, ANOVA + Tukey’s multiple comparison post-test.