Development and characterization of various osteoarthritis models for tissue engineering
Fig 2
Images for the surgical and chemical induction procedures for the OA animal models.
(A-C) Images of the bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) procedure in the rat animal model. (A) The ovary was exposed which is located in the tip of the uterine horn. (B) The ovarian duct was ligated at 1 cm distal to the ovary with a suture. (C) The ligated ovarian duct was cut and extracted by a surgical scissor. (D) To induce OA, sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) was injected into the knee joint of a Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig.