Prolonged immune alteration following resolution of acute inflammation in humans
Fig 3
Post-resolution tissue accumulation of macrophages.
Acute inflammation was triggered in the ventral aspect of forearm of healthy volunteers by the intradermal injection of 1.5 x 107 UV-killed E. coli (UVKEc) suspended in 100 μl of sterile saline. A suction blister was raised over the inflamed site at the specified interval to collect the inflammatory exudate. Exudate was centrifuged to separate cells from the supernatant. The immune cell subsets were identified by polychromatic flow cytometry. The numbers of CD14+ mononuclear cells at the specified interval are shown here (A). A 3mm skin punch biopsy was taken from the inflamed site under local anaesthesia at the specified interval and the formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) skin sections were probed by immunohistochemistry for CD163. The representative sections are shown here (B). MCP-1, IP-10, MDC and MCP-4 (panels C-F) in the cell free exudate were measured using multiplex ELISA and their concentrations in the exudate at the specified intervals are shown here (C). n = 3 for each time point. Data presented as mean ± SEM.