Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by astaxanthin inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition in high glucose-stimulated mesothelial cells
Fig 1
Study groups and experimental design.
Unstimulated control groups (Control group): Incubated in M199 medium alone for 3 h (C3h group) or 12 h (C12h group). G groups: Incubated in M199 medium with 140 mM glucose for 3 h (G3h group) or 12 h (G12h group). Ascorbic acid (AA; AA group.): Incubated in M199 medium with 140 mM glucose and 100 μM AA for 3 h (AA-G3h group) or 12 h (AA-G12h group). AST pre-treated groups (AST group): Incubated in M199 medium alone for 3 h (AST3h group) or 12 h (AST12h group) after incubated in M199 medium with 5μM AST for 24h. AST-G group: Incubated in M199 medium with 140 mM glucose for 3 h (AST-glucose [AST-G] 3h group) or for 12 h (AST-G12h group) after incubated in M199 medium with 5μM AST for 24h.