Lymphatic endothelial progenitors originate from plastic myeloid cells activated by toll-like receptor-4
Fig 2
TLR4-mediated activation of human monocytes induces a lymphatic endothelial phenotype.
CD14+ monocytes were isolated from the blood of healthy donors using anti-CD14 IgG conjugated magnetic beads. (A) Overlays of representative flow cytometry histograms demonstrating expression of lymphatic markers VEGFR-3, LYVE-1 and PDPN for freshly isolated cells stained with marker-specific antibodies (red line) or isotype controls (grey area). (B, C, D, E) Cells were cultured for 10 days with human CSF1 followed by 4 days with CSF1-supplemented medium with or without TLR4 ligands. Overlays of representative histograms demonstrate expression of VEGFR-3, LYVE-1 and PDPN in cells treated with CSF1 only (B) or CSF1 and (C) LPS (50 ng/mL), (D) HMGB1 (50 ng/mL), or (E) nab-PXL (30 nM). All analyses were performed in duplicate and reproduced using monocytes from three different donors. Representative histograms for each target, time point, and differentiation stimulus are shown.