Anti-cancer stemness and anti-invasive activity of bitter taste receptors, TAS2R8 and TAS2R10, in human neuroblastoma cells
Fig 5
Migration and invasion were suppressed following the over-expression of TAS2R8 and TAS2R10 in the BE(2)C cells.
BE(2)C cells were transfected with empty vector (EV ctrl), TAS2R8, and TAS2R10. (A) Cell migration was analyzed in wound-healing assays. Representative images of the migration assay results are shown (left panel). The fold increase in migration distance was compared with the empty vector group (right panel). (B) Cell invasion was evaluated in Transwell assays. Representative images of the invasion assays are shown (left panel). The number of invading cells was counted and the percentage of invading cells in each group was normalized to that of the empty vector group (right panel). (C-D) After TAS2R8 and TAS2R10 were over-expressed, MMP enzymatic activity and gene expressions were analyzed. (C) Enzyme activity of MMP-2 was detected in zymography assays. (D) The mRNA level of MMP-2 was compared with the control group. An unpaired two-tailed Student‘s t-test was performed to compare each TAS2R data with the control cells. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).