Interpretation of metabolic memory phenomenon using a physiological systems model: What drives oxidative stress following glucose normalization?
Fig 1
Glucose stimulates ROS production (ROS) and additionally promotes cellular adaptive processes (AD)—the latter then mitigates further glucose-dependent ROS generation and subsequently allows for the development of metabolic memory (MM). ROS and MM positively affect each other, whereas AD is stimulated by glucose excess and negatively influences ROS synthesis. Boxes denote model variables, black arrows denote reaction rates, dotted lines denote positive influences, and dashed lines denote negative influences.