Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs) Are Necessary for Light Entrainment of Peripheral Clocks
Fig 6
PER2::LUC rhythms are out of phase to LD cycles.
(A) Representative records of bioluminescence from various peripheral tissues in control and Opn4::TeNT mice with access to running wheels. (B) Phases for central and various peripheral circadian oscillators of control and Opn4::TeNT mice. The peak of the circadian oscillation was determined during the interval between 12 and 36 h in culture. The average times (± SEM) of peaks were plotted against the projected CT time. Notice that in the control mice the peak of PER2::LUC expression occurs in peripheral tissues during the subjective night (CT12-24). On the other hand, in the Opn4::TeNT mice the peak of PER2 expression is aligned to subjective day (CT0-12). (C) Period values of PER2::LUC rhythms were comparable in control and Opn4::TeNT mice with the exception of period lengthening in the adrenal. ADR, adrenal; COR, cornea; LIV, liver; LUN, lung; PIT, anterior pituitary; SPL, spleen. *P<0.05. ADR, adrenal (n = 12–17); COR, cornea (n = 14–22); LIV, liver (n = 12–14); LUN, lung (n = 13–14); PIT, anterior pituitary (n = 15–20).