Glucose Availability and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Link Energy Metabolism and Innate Immunity in the Bovine Endometrium
Fig 7
LPS induces metabolic stress in endometrial tissue and cells.
(a-c) Endometrial organ cultures (a), stromal cells (b) or epithelial cells (c) were cultured in glucose-containing culture medium with control vehicle (○) or 100 ng/ml LPS (■), and the amounts of glucose in the supernatants was measured at the indicated times. Data are presented as mean ± SEM percent of control, from 4 independent experiments, and analyzed by ANOVA using Sidak's multiple comparisons test; values differ from control, * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001. (d-f) Endometrial organ cultures (d), stromal cells (e) or monocytes (f) were cultured for 60 min and then remained as unstimulated controls or were challenged (arrow) with 1 μg/ml LPS. The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) was measured every 10–12 min using an XF-24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Data are expressed relative to ECAR at the time of challenge, presented as mean ± SEM from 4 independent experiments, and analyzed by ANOVA using Sidak's multiple comparisons test; values differ from control, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.