Oral Administration of p-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis by Downregulating Th1 and Th2 Cytokine Production and Keratinocyte Activation
Fig 7
p-hydroxycinammic acid downregulates T-cell proliferation during differentiation.
(A) Naïve CD4+ T cells from LNs and the spleen were induced to differentiate into Th1 and Th2 type effector T cells by adding recombinant cytokines and neutralizing antibodies, in the absence or presence of p-hydroxycinammic acid (HCA) (50 μM) for 5 days. On day 5, the cells were harvested and total cell numbers were measured. The data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P<0.05, versus the cells not treated with HCA. (B) CD4+ T cells from LNs and spleen were labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE, 10 μM) for 30 min and induced to differentiate in the absence or presence of HCA. After 72 h of culture, the cells were harvested and the CFSE intensities were measured by flow cytometry. 0 h indicates naïve CD4+ T cells. The numbers above 72 h population indicates the number of cell division. Representative histograms of three independent experiments are shown.