D-Alanylation of Teichoic Acids and Loss of Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine in Staphylococcus aureus during Exponential Growth Phase Enhance IL-12 Production in Murine Dendritic Cells
Fig 6
Extracellular polysaccharides impair pro-inflammatory response.
(A) S. aureus strain 15981 was grown in TSB ON at 37°C, 130 rpm. The overnight culture was diluted 1/20 in fresh TSB and grown for 2h 30 min. (B) DCs were stimulated with UV-inactivated strain 15981 or its isogenic ica mutant in exponential or stationary phase. After 20h IL-12p70, TNF-α and IL-10 were detected in the supernatant by ELISA. Data represents one experiment out of three. (C) Phagocytosis was inhibited by treatment with cytochalasin D (0.5 μg/ml) for 1h and subsequently DCs were stimulated and analyzed as in B. Means and SD are based on technical replicates. Data show one out of three experiments. (error bars, SD; ns, no significant difference; *, ** and ***p<0.05).