Could the Extended Phenotype Extend to the Cellular and Subcellular Levels in Insect-Induced Galls?
Fig 2
Developmental anatomy of Nothotrioza cattleiani galls at the stage of induction.
(a) General view, showing the growth of projections (arrows) over the first instar nymph (N) to form the nymphal chamber (NC). Gall cortex has three-layered inner cortex (IC), six-layered median cortex (MC) and three-layered outer cortex (OC), and redifferentiated procambium strands (arrow heads). (b) Detail of the projections with sites of tissue hyperplasia (arrow heads) in the hypodermis (H) and palisade parenchyma (PP). (c) Detail of median cortical cells with hyaline protoplasts and conspicuous nuclei and nucleoli. (d) Detail of outer cortical cells with slightly hypertrophied cells, anticlinal cell divisions (arrow head) and phenolic inclusions in the protoplast (asterisk). Bars: (a) 100 μm; (b-d) 50 μm.