Immunomodulatory Protein from Ganoderma microsporum Induces Pro-Death Autophagy through Akt-mTOR-p70S6K Pathway Inhibition in Multidrug Resistant Lung Cancer Cells
Fig 1
Low intracellular calcium levels [Ca2+]cyt in chemoresistant lung cancer cells are elevated by GMI.
To examine the [Ca2+]cyt, the fluorescent dye Fluo-3AM was incubated with (A) parental A549 and A549/D16 cells, (B) parental A549 and A549/V16 cells for 30 min. Thin line represents fluorescence background without Fluo-3AM incubation. Thick line represents fluorescence measured by flow cytometry. To measure VER modulation of [Ca2+]cyt, (C) A549/D16 cells and (D) A549/V16 cells were pre-treated with VER (10 μM) for 2 h followed by DOC (16 nM) and VCR (16 nM) treatment for 48 h, respectively. The [Ca2+]cyt of A549/D16 cells treated with GMI (1.2 μM) for 24 h (E) or 48 h (G) were upregulated. The [Ca2+]cyt of A549/V16 cells treated with GMI (1.2 μM) for 24 h (F) or 48 h (H) were also upregulated. After fluo-3 AM incubation, cells were visualized using flow cytometry. The cell number count (Count) is indicated by the Y-axis and the Fluo-3AM intensity (FL1-H) is indicated by the X-axis.