Hyperparasitism in a Generalist Ectoparasitic Pupal Parasitoid, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), on Its Own Conspecifics: When the Lack of Resource Lead to Cannibalism
Fig 5
Eggs and larvae of secondary parasitoids on the prepupae of primary parasitoids.
Eggs (a) were laid on the surface of the prepupae of primary parasitoids (infested nine days before). Larvae (b-d) fed on the primary conspecifics. Photograph by W Chen.