Trichophyton rubrum is Inhibited by Free and Nanoparticle Encapsulated Curcumin by Induction of Nitrosative Stress after Photodynamic Activation
Fig 1
Optimization of aPI conditions.
(a) Effect of varying the PS concentration on fungal growth, as determined by colony forming units (CFU), using a constant light source of 40 J/cm2. (b) Effect of varying the light dose using a constant PS concentration of 10 μg/mL. Untreated T. rubrum (C), Blue light alone (B.L.) and PS without photoactivation (curc and curc-np) were used as controls. ***Compared to untreated, blue light and PS without photoactivation. &Compared to lowest PS concentration of same group. †Compared to untreated control. ***p < 0.0001, &, †p < 0.05. Data are a composite of three independent experiments with each treatment group performed in triplicate. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM.