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Adaptive Topographies and Equilibrium Selection in an Evolutionary Game

Fig 3

Phase portrait in (f_CC, f_CD), f_DC)-space illustrating bistability of the equilibria (0, 0, 0) and (1, 0, 0) for the genotype model (1) with parameters b = 2, c = 0.5, d = 0.25 > 0, and r = 0.185.

The (blue) surface emanating from the saddle equilibrium E₂₃ ≈ (0.4110, 0, 0) is the stable manifold of E₂₃ that separates the two basins of attraction for (0, 0, 0) and (1, 0, 0); compare also Fig. 1.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116307.g003