Invasion Ability and Disease Dynamics of Environmentally Growing Opportunistic Pathogens under Outside-Host Competition
Figure 1
Bifurcation figures of the S-I-P-B dynamics, presenting maximum and minimum values (black circles), as well as equilibrium densities (red stars for when competitor (B) is not present, red circles when all the populations are present) of susceptible host (S), pathogen (P) and non-pathogenic (B) population densities in different combinations of outside-host growth rate of pathogen (rP) parameter values (rP = 0.001–0.5).
a) When susceptible host growth rate (rS) is high (rS = 1), increasing rP stabilizes the disease dynamics. b) Disease dynamics are cyclic when susceptible host growth rate (rS) is low (rS = 0.01). Used parameter values are shown in Table 2.