Low-Dose Curcumin Stimulates Proliferation, Migration and Phagocytic Activity of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells
Figure 4
Curcumin increases the phagocytic activity of OECs in explant cultures.
(A) In explants in control medium some OECs (arrowheads) migrated out from explants (large solid mass) and axonal debris (numerous small dots, arrows) was present in the medium. (B) Higher magnification view of OECs migrating out of an explant together with green axon debris in control medium. Axonal debris was present in the medium (arrows) as well as within the OECs (arrow with tail); a migrating neuron is indicated (arrowhead); B′ ZsGreen debris was present in the medium (arrows); B′′ red fluorescence of OECs. (C) When grown in medium containing 0.5 µM curcumin, numerous OECs had migrated out of the explant and contained high levels of green axon debris (arrows), and there was little axon debris in the medium. (D) Higher magnification view shows accumulation of ZsGreen within OECs (arrows); D′ ZsGreen debris was not detected in the medium (arrows with tail); D′′ red fluorescence of OECs. Scale bar = 100 µm in A, C; 45 µm in B, D.