Autophagy Facilitates Antibody-Enhanced Dengue Virus Infection in Human Pre-Basophil/Mast Cells
Figure 3
Sub-neutralizing anti-E monoclonal antibody enhances DENV infection and induces autophagy in KU812 cells.
KU812 cells were pretreated with or without 5 mM 3-MA for 1 h before incubation with medium alone (Mock), DENV alone, or DENV with sub-neutralizing anti-E. 3-MA was maintained in the medium during DENV infection. (A) After 24 h post-infection, the expression of DENV E protein was detected by flow cytometry. The means ± SD of three independent experiments are shown. *P<0.05, **P<0.01. (B) Cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with anti-DENV E protein (green), anti-LC3 (red), and DAPI (blue). Cells were then mounted and observed by confocal microscopy. The square areas are zoomed-in images and shown in the right panels (merge, zoom). Bar: 10 µm. The imaging data were repeated three times and one set of representative results is shown. (C) The quantification of LC3 punctation cells (B, empty arrowheads) is shown. The means ± SD of three independent experiments are shown. ***P<0.005.