Differential Activity of Striga hermonthica Seed Germination Stimulants and Gigaspora rosea Hyphal Branching Factors in Rice and Their Contribution to Underground Communication
Figure 4
Abundance of (−)−orobanchol, ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol and putative SL-like compounds in phosphate starvation and fluridone treatments.
Peak areas obtained with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of root exudates of rice. (A) (−)−orobanchol (MRM transition 347.2 >96.8; black bars) and ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol (MRM transition 331.2>234; hatched bars); (B–D) three putative SL-like compounds measured in crude exudates with the retention times: rt = 9.87 (B); rt = 10.3 and (C) rt = 10.9 (D) and the MRM transitions 361>96.8 (black bars) and 361>247 (white bars). All measurements taken from crude exudates of plants grown in different treatments: phosphate starvation (−P); phosphate starvation combined with fluridone (−P+F) and control treatment with full nutrient supply (C). The error bars represent the standard error of 3 biological replicates. Significance values are indicated with * (for ent-2'-epi-orobanchol and for 361>96.8 transition) and + (for 2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol and for 331.2>234 transition) and compare phosphate starvation (-P) treatment vs. phosphate starvation with fluridone (-P+F) and -P vs. full nutrition (C) (*/+ = P<0.05, **/++ = P<0.01, ***/+++ = P<0.001).