Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment Diminishes Fungal Viability and Up-Regulates Resistance Genes in a Plant Host
Figure 3
Effect of direct plasma and plasma-treated saline on spore germination and structure.
A, Relative spore germination rates observed during the incubation period following treatment with direct Ar plasma (left graph) or Ar plasma treated saline (right graph). The relative spore germination percent was calculated as described in Figure 1. *p<0.05 and **p<0.01; Student's t test. B, Fungal spores grown on PDA plates after treatment with direct Ar plasma or Ar plasma treated saline. C, Surface morphology of fungal spores analyzed by SEM after plasma treatment. D, Ultrastructure of fungal spores analyzed by TEM after plasma treatment. Lipid droplets (L) are indicated. E, Spores stained with nile red solution after plasma treatment.