Overrepresentation of Glutamate Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease: Network-Based Pathway Enrichment Using Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies
Figure 6
Gene expression analysis of glutamate signaling components in selected human brain regions.
Heatmap and dendrogram of normalized expression levels of the 20 genes of interest displaying significant clustering in: (A) hippocampal formation (HIF); (B) hypothalamus (HY); (C) Dorsal Thalamus (DT); and (D) white matter (WM). Heatmaps were generated using normalized Z score gene-wise expression values, which were averaged from 6 brain donor individuals (ids. H0351.2001, H0351.2002, H0351.1009, H0351.1012, H0351.1015 and H0351.1016). Bright red and green color indicates high (Z>2) and low expression (Z<2). Highly correlated gene clusters (Euclidean distance correlation coefficient r>0.7) are denoted by colored lines in the dendrograms: green clusters, indicates low expression patterns; red clusters show high levels of expression of correlated genes. Gene expression patterns in the corresponding substructures are shown for HIF: Dentate Gyrus (DG); Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1); Cornu Ammonis 2 (CA2); Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3); Cornu Ammonis 4 (CA4) and Subiculum (S). For HY: Anterior Hypothalamic Area (AHA); Lateral hypothalamic Area (LHA); Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus (PVH); Supraoptic Nucleus (SO); Lateral Hypothalamic Area, Mammillary Region (LHM); Mammillary Body (MB); Posterior Hypothalamic Area (PHA); Supramammillary Nucleus (SuM); Tuberomammillary Nucleus (TM); Preoptic Region (PrOR); Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus (ARH); Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (DMH); Lateral Hypothalamic Area, Tuberal Region (LHT); Lateral Tuberal Nucleus (LTu); Perifornical Nucleus (PeF); Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (VMH). For DT: Anterior Group of Nuclei (DTA); Caudal Group of intralaminar Nuclei (ILc); Dorsal Lateral Geneiculate Nucleus (LGd); Lateral Group of Nuclei, Dorsal Division (DTLd); Lateral Group of Nuclei, Ventral Division (DTLv); Medial Geniculate Complex (MG); Medial Group of Nuclei (DTM); Posterior Group of Nuclei (DTP); Rostral Group of Intralaminar Nuclei (ILr). For WM: Cc: Corpus callosum; Cgb: Cingulum bundle.