Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizin, a Direct HMGB1 Inhibitor, on Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Rats
Figure 5
The antioxidant effects of GL are HMGB1 dependent.
A) Fluorescent images after incubation with DHE showing superoxide levels in the I/R brain (red). Quantitative measurements of the fluorescence intensity indicated a significant change in the 4 mg/kg GL-treated group with or without rHMGB1, compared with the saline-treated I/R (NS) group. B) Representative photomicrographs showing 3-NT formation in the ischemic brain (green). Data from image analysis also indicated a significant change in the 4 mg/kg GL-treated group with or without rHMGB1, compared with the saline-treated I/R (NS) group. Bar = 50 µm. C) The effects of 4 mg/kg GL with or without rHMGB1 on MDA content in rat brains after I/R. Values are means±SEM, n = 8 for each group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 (t test).