Caveolin-1 Is a Critical Determinant of Autophagy, Metabolic Switching, and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelium
Figure 5
Metabolomic profile of endothelial cell lysates following caveolin-1 knockdown.
Lysates prepared from endothelial cells transfected with control, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) or protein kinase A (PKA) siRNA underwent metabolic profiling as described in the text. (A) “Heat map” portraying the relative abundance of the 319 metabolites detected in cell lysates analyzed 72 h. after transfection with siRNA duplexes as shown; six independent samples were analyzed for each condition. The intensity of red or green represents the relative abundance of each specific metabolite normalized to the median value for all the samples; the corresponding logarithmic scale is shown below the graphic. Metabolites are grouped in the heat map according to the metabolic sub-pathways in which they participate, and then structural categories are ordered alphabetically within each classification. Highlighted on the left of the heat map is the region showing the most striking change following caveolin-1 knockdown, corresponding to specific dipeptides (“Dipeptides”). (B) Table with the number of different metabolites that showed statistically different abundance following caveolin-1 knockdown. (C) General distribution of the categories of metabolites that are altered in lysates prepared from cells after siRNA-mediated caveolin-1 knockdown demonstrating that marked increases in the abundance of cellular dipeptides represent the most striking alteration in the metabolic profile seen after caveolin-1 knockdown.