Caveolin-1 Is a Critical Determinant of Autophagy, Metabolic Switching, and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelium
Figure 2
Systemic and vascular oxidative stress in caveolin-1null mice.
(A) 8-isoprostanes concentrations found in plasma from wild-type (wt) and caveolin-1null (Cav-1 KO) mice determined in duplicate for n = 4 mice in each group; statistical difference was assessed with unpaired t-test; * indicates p<0.05 between wild-type and Cav-1null mice. (B) Wild-type and Cav-1null mice were infected via tail vein injection with recombinant lentivirus expressing the HyPer2 biosensor to assess H2O2 levels in vascular tissues in situ, then sacrificed and the descending aortae was dissected, fixed and processed for confocal microscopy to analyze the HyPer2 ratio, as we have previously described [13]. The photomicrographs on the left show representative ratiometric HyPer2 images of aortae from wild-type and Cav-1null mice. The HyPer2 ratiometric signals are positive for H2O2 in both wild-type and Cav-1null mouse arterial preparations, likely reflecting the prevalence of H2O2-modulated signaling pathways in the vascular wall (11,12). The bar graph on the right shows the results of quantitative analysis of HyPer2 ratiometric intensity in the vascular endothelium in these aortic preparations; the number of cells studied is shown for each. Statistical differences in endothelial cell H2O2 between wild-type and Cav-1null animals were assessed with an unpaired t-test; * notes p<0.05.