Mechanisms of Metabonomic for a Gateway Drug: Nicotine Priming Enhances Behavioral Response to Cocaine with Modification in Energy Metabolism and Neurotransmitter Level
Figure 10
Changed metabolites in brain NAc and altered metabolic pathways for the most relevant distinguishing metabolites with nicotine or cocaine treatment.
(A) In the left, changed metabolites in 20 mg/kg cocaine group exhibit similar changes with combinational drugs group, sharing 10 overlapped metabolites. In the right, a part of modified metabolites showed considerable overlap between 20 mg/kg cocaine group and 2 mg/kg cocaine group or nicotine group. Among them, two shared metabolites between 2 mg/kg cocaine group and nicotine group are Glu and 1-methylhistidine; four shared metabolites between 2 mg/kg cocaine group and 20 mg/kg cocaine group are Gln, L-methionine, α-ketoglutaric acid and phosphocholine; four shared metabolites between nicotine group and 20 mg/kg cocaine group are tryptamine, Lac, Cre and proline. (B) Blue metabolites are upregulated, and red metabolites are downregulated.