Amantadine Ameliorates Dopamine-Releasing Deficits and Behavioral Deficits in Rats after Fluid Percussion Injury
Figure 4
Behavioral test results for the different rat groups.
(A) Impairment of rotational behavior was improved after FPI in the FPI-6-Pa+ amantadine group. Compared with the sham group (solid circle, n = 9), there were significant impairments as of one week after injury in the FPI-6-Pa-injured group (injury only, solid triangle; injury with saline treatment, open box; for each group n = 9). These impairments could then be reversed by chronic amantadine treatment of the 6-Pa injury group (n = 9). The running time of the rotarod test for the FPI with amantadine group did not show a significant difference when compared with the FPI only or FPI with saline group at one week post-injury, but an increasingly significant difference from 2 to 8 weeks post-injury was exhibited. Data are presented as mean ±S.E.M and were analyzed via two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni posttest, with the F27,252 = 3.119, all p<0.05* in the 6-Pa injury vs. 6-Pa injury with amantadine groups and the 6-Pa injury with saline vs. 6-Pa injury with amantadine groups at weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 post-injury. (B) Impairment of novel object recognition after 6-Pa injury was improved in the 6-Pa injury+amantadine group. In the 6-Pa- injured group (injury only, solid triangle; injury with saline treatment, open box; for each group n = 9), the NOR deficit occurred as of one week after injury, but these deficits could be reversed as of 2 weeks a in the 6-Pa injury+Amantadine group (open circle, n = 9). Data are presented as mean ±S.E.M. The percentage of novel object recognition time in the 6-Pa injury with amantadine treatment group did not show significant abnormality initially, i.e., at one week, when compared with the 6-Pa injury only or 6-Pa injury with saline treatment group, but the percentage increased significantly as of two weeks post-injury and persisted through eight weeks post-injury. The data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni posttests, with the F15,158 = 3.098, all p<0.05* in the 6-Pa injury vs. 6-Pa injury with amantadine and 6-Pa injury with saline vs. 6-Pa injury with amantadine groups at eight weeks post-injury. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the FPI with amantadine and the sham groups at eight weeks post-injury. (Note: * indicates p<0.05; **indicates p<0.01; and ***indicates p<0.001).