Status Epilepticus Induces Vasogenic Edema via Tumor Necrosis Factor-α/ Endothelin-1-Mediated Two Different Pathways
Figure 6
SE-induced vasogenic edema formation via ETB receptor-mediated NADPH oxidase pathway.
(A–E) Effects of BQ788 and apocynin on SE-induced up-regulation of 4-HNE immunoreactivity in astrocytes 12 h after SE (means ± s.e.m., n = 5, respectively); *P < 0.05 versus non-SE induced animals; #P < 0.05 versus vehicle-treated animals; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. (F–J) Effects of BQ788 and apocynin on dystrophin and AQP4 expression 12h after SE (means ± s.e.m., n = 5, respectively); *P < 0.05 versus non-SE induced animals; #P < 0.05 versus vehicle-treated animals; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. (K–M) Effect of apocynin on dystrophin and AQP4 mRNA/protein expression levels after SE (means ± s.e.m., n = 5, respectively); *P < 0.05 versus non-SE animals; #P < 0.05 versus vehicle-treated animals; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. (N–Q) Quantification of the attenuation of vasogenic edema formation by BQ788 and apocynin in the PC (means ± s.e.m., n = 5, respectively); *P < 0.05 versus vehicle treated animals; #P < 0.05 versus BQ788-treated animals; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Scale bars: A-D, 12.5 μm; insertion in B, 10 μm; F–I, 25 μm; N–P, 400 μm.