Pioglitazone Improves Reversal Learning and Exerts Mixed Cerebrovascular Effects in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease with Combined Amyloid-β and Cerebrovascular Pathology
Figure 1
Pioglitazone (pio) restored stimulus-evoked CBF and CGU in A/T mice.
A, The impaired hyperemic response to whisker stimulation in adult and aged A/T mice was rescued by pioglitazone compared to age-matched WT controls, as measured by LDF (n=4 mice/group) (traces of adult mice shown, green: WT; turquoise: WTpio; violet: A/T and pink: A/Tpio). Values represent the percent increase in CBF induced by whisker stimulation relative to baseline. B, Pioglitazone also improved the decreased CGU response to whisker stimulation in the somatosensory cortex of aged A/T compared to WT mice (n=3-6 mice/group). The % activation ratio denotes the percentage of corrected standard uptake value (SUV) in the activated contralateral (left side (L)) vs. ipsilateral (right side (R)) somatosensory cortex. Error bars represent SEM. ★p<0.05, ★★p<0.01, ★★★p<0.001 using two-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls post-hoc test.