Galectin-9 Activates and Expands Human T-Helper 1 Cells
Figure 1
Gal-9 triggers TIM-3-independent cell death and PBMC expansion.
A. Resting PBMCs were incubated with anti-TIM3-APC or isotype control antibody or B. with streptavidin-Alexa488, biotinylated Gal-9+streptavidin-Alexa488 in the presence or absence of α-lactose. Cell surface staining was evaluated by flow cytometry C. Resting PBMCs (n = 3) were treated with medium or 15 nM of recombinant Gal-9 for up to 7 days. Cell death was determined by Annexin-V staining. D. PBMCs (n = 8) treated as in (C) were analyzed for cell number. E. Resting PBMCs (n = 8) were treated as in (C) in the presence of α-lactose or sucrose, and analyzed for cell number. F. Resting PBMCs (n = 3) were treated with medium or 15 nM of recombinant Gal-9, Gal-1, Gal-2, Gal-3, or Gal-8 for up to 7 days, after which cell number was determined. All graphs represent mean +/− SD.