No Prior Entry for Threat-Related Faces: Evidence from Temporal Order Judgments
Figure 3
(A) Proportion of “horizontal first” responses (in the initial orientation tasks) and “emotion first” responses (in the emotion TOJ task), separately for each condition (HorizVert: horizontal-vertical, solid grey line; AngerNeut: anger-neutral, solid black line; FearNeut: fearful-neutral, dashed black line). Results of the orientation and emotion TOJ tasks are shown together for illustration purposes. Positive SOAs refer to horizontal lines or emotional faces appearing first, whereas negative SOAs indicate that vertical lines or neutral faces appeared first. Participants were more uncertain at short compared to long SOAs, although this effect was more pronounced in the orientation task (presumably because it was easier; see main text). (B) PSS values for HorizVert (white bar), AngerNeut (light grey bar), and FearNeut (dark grey bar) conditions. Positive values indicate prior entry for either the horizontal lines or the emotional face in the pair, whereas negative values indicate prior entry for either the vertical lines or the neutral face. No reliable prior entry was observed. (C) Mean anger, fear, and brightness ratings collected at the end of the experiment. As expected, fearful faces were rated as more fearful, while angry faces were rated as more angry, with no difference in perceived brightness. *** p<.001. Vertical bars correspond to standard errors of the mean.