Physiological and Behavioral Changes in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) Induced by Nosema ceranae Infection
Figure 2
Honey bees infected with N. ceranae forage prematurely. A.
Distribution of returning marked bees during a daily 30-min observation period from 7 through 21 days of age after eclosion. Data are summarized over 3 independent trials. B. Distribution of returning marked pollen foragers collected daily during a 30-minute observation period from 7 through 21 days of age after eclosion. Data are summarized over 3 independent trials. Significantly more marked pollen foragers were collected from the Nosema-infected group compared to controls for the 3 trials combined (χ2 = 26.38, p<0.0001).