Effect of Adjuvants on Responses to Skin Immunization by Microneedles Coated with Influenza Subunit Vaccine
Figure 3
Microneedle immunization with imiquimod and influenza subunit vaccine elicits a robust IFN-γ cellular immune response.
Purified T cells from the spleen and total lymph node cells were stimulated for 4 days with 5 µg of influenza subunit vaccine supplemented with 30 U/mL of recombinant human IL-2. All data represented as arithmetic mean +/− standard deviation. IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected in cell culture supernatants by ELISA (A - purified T cells, B - draining lymph node). On day 4, stimulated cells from the draining lymph node were fixed and stained for surface markers and intracellular IFN-γ (C) and IL-4 (D). (n = 3) * - p<0.05, *** - p<0.001.