Physalin F Induces Cell Apoptosis in Human Renal Carcinoma Cells by Targeting NF-kappaB and Generating Reactive Oxygen Species
Figure 1
Effect of physalin F on viability in human renal cancer cells.
Renal cancer cell lines (A498, ACHN, and UO-31) were treated with various concentrations (0.3, 1, 3, and 10 µg/mL) for 24 hr for MTT assay (A) and for 48 hr for SRB assay (B) in A498 cells. A498 cells were treated with vehicle or physalin F at the indicated concentration (1, 3, and 10 µg/mL) for 24 hr and viewed by fluorescence microscope followed by TUNEL (C) and DAPI (D) staining (magnification × 400). (E) To quantitatively evaluate cell death after treatment of physalin F for 24 hr, we used cell death ELISAPLUS kit to detect. Data are expressed as the mean percentage of control ± S.D. of three independent experiments. **, ##, && P<0.01 and ***,###, &&& P<0.001 compared with the control group.