How Linear Tension Converts to Curvature: Geometric Control of Bone Tissue Growth
Figure 6
A - Tissue produced in a pore made of 4 adjacent circles and stained for actin stress fibres and myosin IIb. Actin fibres colocalised with myosin IIb are present on the whole surface but their higher density on concave interfaces suggests a local higher stress state of the cells. B - Tissue is made of cells and collagen. Nuclei (red), actin stress fibres (green) and collagen fibres (visualized by polarized microscopy) are oriented parallel to the interface. The white arrows show polarisation direction. C - The homogeneous distribution of nuclei shows that cell density is independent of geometry and suggests a local dependence of cell proliferation on the local curvature. D - An example of a convex HA surface (D35) on which only a mono-layer of tissue was formed.