Nasal Chemosensory-Stimulation Evoked Activity Patterns in the Rat Trigeminal Ganglion Visualized by In Vivo Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging
Figure 1
Spatiotemporal dynamics of trigeminal responses in a single trial.
(A) Schematic view demonstrating TG location at the base of the skull (after decerebration). Bottom: Illustration of the skull-base anatomy (modified from [44]). TG is marked in orange. Top: TG vascular image; scale bar = 1 mm; dotted black line = animal midline; man, mandibular branch; on, optic nerve; oph-max, ophthalmomaxillary branch. (B) Timecourse of VSD activity in the TG following nasal application of ethanol. 0 ms denotes stimulus onset. Each frame represents 10 ms of recording extracted from the original timecourse at regular time points (frames of interest are represented in higher temporal resolution). Coordinated activation of the trigeminal ganglion occurred in brief repeated pulses of variable duration and at variable intervals. White bar = 1 mm.