Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection of Human Cells and Insect Hosts Is Promoted by Protein Kinase C Epsilon
Figure 1
RVFV MP12 productively infects both human and Drosophila cells.
A. Vero cells were infected at an MOI = 0.08 for 15 hours and RVFV infection was detected by immunofluorescence using mouse anti-RVFV Gc (red), anti-TGN46 (Golgi marker, green), and the nuclear dye DAPI (blue). Inset shown at higher magnification. B. Drosophila S2 cells were infected at an MOI = 0.02 for 48 hours and RVFV infection was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using mouse anti-RVFV GN (red), anti-GM130 (Golgi marker, green), and the nuclear dye DAPI (blue). Inset shown at higher magnification. C–D. RVFV MP12 produced in Vero cells (C) or Drosophila S2 cells (D) was used to infect 293T/17 cells and detected by immunofluorescence with mouse monoclonal anti-RVFV N (green) and the nuclear dye DAPI (blue). E–F. Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl; 960 µM) inhibits RVFV infection in mammalian 293T cells infected at an MOI of 0.1 for 15 hours (E) and Drosophila S2 cells (F) infected at an MOI of 0.1 for 48 hours. Infected cells were visualized by immunofluorescence against RVFV N (green) and counterstained with DAPI (blue).