Leishmania mexicana Infection Induces IgG to Parasite Surface Glycoinositol Phospholipids that Can Induce IL-10 in Mice and Humans
Figure 1
A. Structures are shown for: Leishmania lipophosphoglycan (LPG); the most abundant glycoinositol phospholipid, EPiM3; the African trypanosome glycosyl phosphatidylinositol protein anchor precursor, glycolipid A; and a GPI-anchored protein such as gp63. Molecular components are abbreviated as follows: EtN, ethanolamine; G, galactose; Gf, galactofuranose; Glc, glucose; GN, glucosamine; I, myo-inositol; long line, hydrocarbon chain of acyl or alkyl group; M, mannose; and P, phosphate. Structures are modified from [17], [19]. B. A more detailed structure of EPiM3 is based on [17] and shows the cleavage points for α-mannosidase, GPI-PLC, GPI-PLD, and PLA2. Abbreviations: Inos, myo-inositol; and other structures as in A. Linkages are shown. EPiM3 has predominantly C18:0 alkyl chain (sn-1) and C16:0 acyl chain (sn-2) as lipid components. EPiM3 and trypanosome glycolipid A are isomers with the difference of branched vs. linear tri-mannose chain, and alkyl-acyl vs. dimyristoyl lipids, respectively.