Elevated Adaptive Immune Responses Are Associated with Latent Infections of Wuchereria bancrofti
Figure 4
Regulatory responses are enhanced in latently infected individuals.
Isolated PBMCs from endemic controls (EN) or patients infected with W. bancrofti were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 (10 µg/ml/2.5 µg/ml; A, E), Brugia malayi extract (5 µg/ml, B, F), MSP-1 (0.25 µg/ml; C, G) or LPS (50 ng/ml, D, H) for 72 hours. Thereafter, culture supernatant was tested via ELISA for cytokine release of IL-10 and IL-6. Graphs show box whiskers with median, interquartile ranges and outliers after background subtraction. Statistical significances between the indicated groups were obtained after Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests.