Sociodemographic characteristics and longitudinal progression of multimorbidity: A multistate modelling analysis of a large primary care records dataset in England
Fig 4
Estimated association between gender and the rate of next disease transition.
Panels (a) to (e) show the HRs for the association of gender (male) with the diagnosis of CVD, T2D, CKD, HF, and MH, respectively, grouped by the number of existing conditions and comorbidity status. The female gender is treated as the reference category. Estimated HRs are shown by orange dots, with the associated 95% CIs represented by black bands. For transitions into each condition, the superimposed dotted line represents meta-regression fit based on the corresponding HRs. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; MH, mental health conditions; T2D, type 2 diabetes.