Changes in both trans- and cis-regulatory elements mediate insecticide resistance in a lepidopteron pest, Spodoptera exigua
Fig 2
Overexpression of CncC and Maf increases the promoter activity of CYP321A8.
(A) Prediction of transcription factor binding sites in a ~2 kb region of the promoter of CYP321A8 gene. Nucleotides are numbered relative to the translation start site (ATG) indicated by +1. The predicted binding sites for transcription factors sites are underlined. The predicted transcription initiation site (Inr) is underlined. (B) Relative expression of transcription factors in the susceptible and resistant strains of S. exigua as determined by RT-qPCR. Error bars display SD. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in expression between the Sus and Res strains is indicated using an asterisk (ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s HSD). (C) The Luciferase activity in cells transfected with the reporter construct (the luciferase gene is under the control of CYP321A8 promoter) and CncC or Maf and both CncC and Maf expression constructs. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences based on ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey’s HSD (p < 0.05).