Resistance to pirimiphos-methyl in West African Anopheles is spreading via duplication and introgression of the Ace1 locus
Fig 2
Combinations of Ace1 G280S and CNV genotypes.
A) Fraction of reads supporting 280S alleles and number of Ace1 copies (1000 Genomes dataset, n = 1142). Boxes highlight groups of haplotypes: non-duplicated wt (purple), duplications with both wt and 280S alleles (orange) and duplications with only 280S alleles (green). B) Breakdown of observed genotypes at the Ace1 locus according to Ace1 and 280S copy number. The asterisk (*) denotes a wt-homozygous specimen from Guinea that carries an independently evolved Ace1 duplication. C) Diagrammatic summary of Ace1 haplotypes and their surrounding flanks; light grey rectangles show duplicated regions.