Lattice-Based Model of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Suggests Rules for Breast Cancer Progression to an Invasive State
Figure 4
Progression between DCIS morphologies.
(A) With no apoptosis and high proliferation (mitosis every 65 MCS, 15 mitotic events over 1000 MCS) we observe transitions from micropapillary to solid morphology and from solid to comedo morphology. Cell division axis was specified perpendicular to the epithelial layer. (B) With high apoptosis (1% probability) and high proliferation (mitosis every 38 MCS, 25 mitotic events over 1000 MCS) we observe transitions from the micropapillary to the cribriform morphology. Cell division axis was specified parallel to the epithelial layer. (C) With low apoptosis (0.5% probability) or (D) high apoptosis (1% probability) and low proliferation (mitosis every 65 MCS, 15 mitotic events over 1000 MCS) we observe only the micropapillary morphology. Cell division axis was random. LEP are capable of invading through the MEP layer from (E) micropapillary, (F) cribriform, (G) solid, and (H) comedo morphologies. The images shown here were generated under the following conditions: (E and F) 1% probability of apoptosis, mitosis every 32 MCS (30 mitotic events over 1000 MCS), and cell division axis parallel to the epithelial layer; (G) 0.5% probability of apoptosis, mitosis every 32 MCS (30 mitotic events over 1000 MCS), and random cell division axis; (H) 0.5% probability of apoptosis, mitosis every 38 MCS (25 mitotic events over 1000 MCS), and cell division axis parallel to the epithelial layer.