Sensing Membrane Stresses by Protein Insertions
Figure 4
Computed membrane shapes for different ways of stress generation before (left column) and after (right column) the insertion embedding.
(A) Changing the spontaneous curvature of the outer monolayer; (B) Changing the spontaneous curvature of the inner monolayer; (C) Application of an external torque; (D) Symmetric generation of the spontaneous curvature of both monolayers; (E) Action of an externally applied stretching force. The color code represents the value of the lateral stress profile at each point of the membrane in all panels (different scales on left and right panels).